About 22 states impose some statutory reserve study, reserve funding, or reserve disclosure requirement on HOAs or condominiums — from Florida's structural integrity reserve studies to California's every-3-years study cycle. The table below covers all 50 states with statute citations; every detail page is verified against the primary source before publishing.
Last verified 2026-07-07
Which states require reserve studies? 12 states require reserve studies or reserve funding for HOAs or condominiums by statute: California, Florida, Hawaii, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, Oregon, Utah, Virginia, and Washington. Another 10 states impose conditional requirements that apply only to certain association types or can be waived by owner vote: Colorado, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Tennessee, and Wisconsin.
Reserve study requirements are set state by state; there is no federal mandate. Across the 50 states, 12 require a reserve study or reserve funding outright, 10 require one conditionally, 17 reach reserves only through budget or resale disclosure rules, and 11 say nothing about reserves at all. So 22 states impose a statutory obligation on at least some associations. In the other 28, the cadence is set by the association's governing documents and the board's own judgment.
Statute mandates the study, the reserve funding, or both, for a major class of association.
California, Florida, Hawaii, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, Oregon, Utah, Virginia, Washington
Mandated only in specific cases — certain association types, or unless owners vote to waive.
Colorado, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Tennessee, Wisconsin
Reserves show up in budget or resale disclosure rules, but no study cycle or funding level is set.
Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Vermont, West Virginia
No statutory reserve-study or reserve-funding provision — the CC&Rs and the board's fiduciary duty govern.
Arkansas, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Wyoming
Scope varies inside each bucket — several “required” statutes reach condominiums only, and the conditional ones apply to certain association types or can be waived by owner vote. Open a state for the statute text, who it covers, and the citation. Once you know the rule, size the contribution with the reserve fund calculator or find a firm through reserve study companies by state.
| State | Requirement | Study cycle | Key statute | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Encouraged / disclosure | No statutory cycle — Alabama law never mentions reserve studies for HOAs or condominiums. | Ala. Code § 35-8A-403 | Details |
| Alaska | Encouraged / disclosure | No statutory cycle for operating associations. The architect/engineer-certified reserve calculation is a one-time public-offering-statement requirement at the development stage, not a recurring study. | Alaska Stat. § 34.08.530 | Details |
| Arizona | Encouraged / disclosure | No statutory cycle — reserve studies are voluntary in Arizona; associations only have to hand over the most recent study if one exists. | A.R.S. § 33-1806 | Details |
| Arkansas | No statutory requirement | No statutory cycle — reserve studies are never required by Arkansas law. | Ark. Code Ann. § 18-13-116 | Details |
| California | Required | Visual-inspection reserve study at least every 3 years, with annual board review and adjustment (Civ. Code § 5550). | Cal. Civ. Code § 5550 | Details |
| Colorado | Conditional | No statutory cycle for existing associations — each association's own written policy states when reserve studies are prepared. From August 12, 2026, declarants must obtain a 30-year independent reserve study before transferring control (HB26-1099). | Colo. Rev. Stat. § 38-33.3-209.5(1)(b)(IX) | Details |
| Connecticut | Encouraged / disclosure | No statutory cycle — reserve studies are not mandated in Connecticut. | Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-261e | Details |
| Delaware | Conditional | No fixed board cadence is stated, but to count as a 'reserve study' under § 81-103(40) the analysis must have been performed or updated within the last 5 years by one or more independent engineers, architects, construction contractors, or other qualified persons — effectively a 5-year refresh cycle for condos and co-ops that budget from a study. | 25 Del. C. § 81-315 | Details |
| Florida | Required | SIRS at least every 10 years for buildings three or more habitable stories (§ 718.112(2)(g)); companion milestone inspections at year 30 (25 if required locally) and every 10 years thereafter (§ 553.899). No statutory study cycle for Ch. 720 HOAs. | Fla. Stat. § 718.112(2)(f)–(g) | Details |
| Georgia | Encouraged / disclosure | No statutory cycle — Georgia law never requires a reserve study for condos or HOAs. | O.C.G.A. § 44-3-80(d) | Details |
| Hawaii | Required | The reserve study underpins each annual budget and must be reviewed annually as part of budgeting; a study not prepared by an independent reserve study preparer must be reviewed by an independent preparer at least every three years (Act 62, 2022, effective January 1, 2023). | HRS § 514B-148 | Details |
| Idaho | No statutory requirement | No statutory cycle — reserve studies are not referenced anywhere in Idaho's HOA or condominium statutes. | Idaho Code § 55-3205 | Details |
| Illinois | Conditional | No statutory reserve-study requirement or cycle; 'any independent professional reserve study' is one of the five factors condo boards must take into consideration when determining reasonable reserves (765 ILCS 605/9(c)(2)). | 765 ILCS 605/9(c) | Details |
| Indiana | Conditional | No statutory cycle — Indiana never requires a formal reserve study for condos or HOAs. | Ind. Code § 32-25-4-4 | Details |
| Iowa | No statutory requirement | No statutory cycle — no Iowa statute requires a reserve study at any interval. | Iowa Code ch. 499B | Details |
| Kansas | No statutory requirement | No statutory cycle — Kansas law never requires a reserve study. | K.S.A. 58-4620 | Details |
| Kentucky | Conditional | No statutory cycle — Kentucky law never requires a reserve study for condos or HOAs. | KRS 381.870 | Details |
| Louisiana | Encouraged / disclosure | No statutory cycle — Louisiana law never requires a reserve study to be performed or updated for HOAs or condominiums. | La. R.S. 9:1141.34 | Details |
| Maine | Encouraged / disclosure | No statutory cycle — Maine law never mentions reserve studies. | 33 M.R.S. § 1603-102 | Details |
| Maryland | Required | An initial reserve study (existing communities had deadlines between 2021 and 2023 depending on county and any post-Oct-2018 study), then updated reserve studies at least every 5 years. Studies must be prepared by someone who has prepared or participated in 30+ reserve studies in the prior 3 years, holds an architecture or engineering license, or holds a CAI or APRA reserve-specialist designation. | Md. Code, Real Prop. § 11-109.4 | Details |
| Massachusetts | Required | No statutory cycle — reserve studies are not mandated; because 'adequate' is undefined, a professional reserve study is the customary way boards substantiate that their fund satisfies § 10(i). | Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 183A, § 10(i) | Details |
| Michigan | Conditional | No statutory reserve-study requirement or cycle. Admin Rule R 559.511 requires condo bylaws to warn that the 10% minimum may prove inadequate and that the association should analyze whether a greater amount is needed; bills proposing condo reserve-study mandates (e.g., HB 5019 of 2023) had not been enacted as of mid-2026. | Mich. Comp. Laws § 559.205 | Details |
| Minnesota | Required | No formal reserve-study mandate, but the board must reevaluate the adequacy of its budgeted replacement reserves at least every third year (Minn. Stat. § 515B.3-1141); most associations satisfy this with a periodic reserve study. | Minn. Stat. § 515B.3-1141 | Details |
| Mississippi | No statutory requirement | No statutory cycle — Mississippi law does not reference reserve studies for community associations in any form. | — | Details |
| Missouri | Encouraged / disclosure | No statutory cycle — Missouri law never requires a reserve study on any schedule. | Mo. Rev. Stat. § 448.3-102 | Details |
| Montana | No statutory requirement | No statutory cycle — Montana law never mentions reserve studies. | Mont. Code Ann. § 70-23-102 | Details |
| Nebraska | No statutory requirement | No statutory cycle — reserve studies are never required by Nebraska law. | Neb. Rev. Stat. § 76-860 | Details |
| Nevada | Required | Full reserve study at least once every 5 years, with the board reviewing the study's sufficiency and adjusting the funding plan at least annually (NRS 116.31152). | NRS 116.31152 | Details |
| New Hampshire | Encouraged / disclosure | No statutory cycle — reserve studies are not required at formation or on any recurring schedule. | RSA 356-B:40-c | Details |
| New Jersey | Required | Existing associations without a study from the prior five years had to obtain one within one year of the January 8, 2024 effective date; newly formed associations must obtain one within two years of the owner-majority board election; studies must be updated at least every five years and prepared in conformity with the latest CAI National Reserve Study Standards or similar standards. | P.L. 2023, c. 214 (S2760) | Details |
| New Mexico | Encouraged / disclosure | No statutory cycle — New Mexico law never requires a reserve study to be performed or updated. | NMSA 1978 § 47-16-2 | Details |
| New York | Conditional | No statutory cycle — reserve studies are not mandated in New York. | N.Y. Real Property Law art. 9-B (§§ 339-d – 339-mm) | Details |
| North Carolina | Encouraged / disclosure | No statutory cycle — reserve studies are a best practice (commonly every 3-5 years) but never required by North Carolina statute. | N.C. Gen. Stat. § 47F-3-102(2) | Details |
| North Dakota | Encouraged / disclosure | No statutory cycle — a reserve study is never required; the law only requires disclosing at sale whether the association uses one. | N.D. Cent. Code § 47-10-02.3 | Details |
| Ohio | Conditional | No statutory reserve-study requirement or update cycle; 'adequate' is not defined, so each board determines the amount (a reserve study is the customary, but not mandated, method). | Ohio Rev. Code § 5311.081 | Details |
| Oklahoma | No statutory requirement | No statutory cycle — Oklahoma law never requires a reserve study. | Okla. Stat. tit. 60, §§ 501–530 | Details |
| Oregon | Required | Annual — the board must conduct a reserve study or review and update the existing study every year (ORS 94.595(3); ORS 100.175). No multi-year statutory cycle; the review happens each budget year. | ORS 94.595 | Details |
| Pennsylvania | Encouraged / disclosure | No statutory cycle — reserve studies are not mandated in Pennsylvania. | 68 Pa.C.S. § 3407(a)(5) | Details |
| Rhode Island | Encouraged / disclosure | No statutory cycle. The 2026 reserve-study mandate bills (H 7851/S 2692) failed — S 2692 passed the Senate as amended but died in the House Committee on Corporations at adjournment. Instead the General Assembly created a 16-member study commission on the Condominium Act (H 8008/S 2906, approved June 2026), due to report by December 31, 2027 — a mandate remains possible in a future session. | R.I. Gen. Laws § 34-36.1-4.03 | Details |
| South Carolina | No statutory requirement | No statutory cycle — South Carolina law never mentions reserve studies. | S.C. Code Ann. § 27-31-10 et seq. | Details |
| South Dakota | No statutory requirement | No statutory cycle — reserve studies are not required at any interval. | S.D. Codified Laws ch. 43-15A | Details |
| Tennessee | Conditional | Every 5 years: a study conducted on or after January 1, 2020 must be updated within 5 years of its date and at least every 5 years thereafter; boards with no post-2020 study had to complete one by January 1, 2025 and update it every 5 years (Tenn. Code Ann. § 66-27-403(g)). | Tenn. Code Ann. § 66-27-403(g), as added by 2023 Tenn. Pub. Ch. 205 (SB 863) | Details |
| Texas | Encouraged / disclosure | No statutory cycle — Texas law never requires a reserve study; any cadence comes from an association's own governing documents. | Tex. Prop. Code § 82.102(a)(2) | Details |
| Utah | Required | Full reserve analysis at least every 6 years; review and, if necessary, update at least every 3 years (statutory defaults that governing documents may vary). The board may conduct the analysis itself or engage 'a reliable person or organization' — no professional credential is mandated. | Utah Code § 57-8a-211 | Details |
| Vermont | Encouraged / disclosure | No statutory cycle — reserve studies are not required. | 27A V.S.A. § 3-102 | Details |
| Virginia | Required | At least once every five years, with the results reviewed at least annually to determine whether reserves are sufficient; budgets and assessments are adjusted as needed based on that review. | Va. Code § 55.1-1826 | Details |
| Washington | Required | Annual update, with a full updated study prepared by a reserve study professional based on a visual site inspection at least every three years (RCW 64.90.545); the older acts prescribe the same cadence but with an unreasonable-hardship exception until 2028. | RCW 64.90.545 | Details |
| West Virginia | Encouraged / disclosure | No statutory cycle — reserve studies are never mentioned in Chapter 36B. | W. Va. Code § 36B-3-102 | Details |
| Wisconsin | Conditional | No statutory reserve study cycle; the association must instead consider the § 703.163(7) factors (current reserve funds, estimated repair/replacement costs, remaining useful life of common elements) when setting the annual reserve assessment, and conversion condos over 4 units must consider the § 703.33(2)(cm)1 report. | Wis. Stat. § 703.163 | Details |
| Wyoming | No statutory requirement | No statutory cycle — reserve studies are never mentioned in Wyoming statute. | Wyo. Stat. §§ 34-20-101 to 34-20-104 | Details |
Informational only — not legal advice. Statutes change; verify with the cited source and a community-association attorney in your state. Report an issue.
Every state entry is researched against the official state legislature's published statutes — not secondary summaries. A state only gets a linked detail page after the cited statute text has been opened and confirmed to support the classification shown here ( citations on each page link to the primary source). States marked “verification in progress” are published to this table only, without a detail page, until that check completes.
Deep dives: Florida SIRS guide for small condos · DIY reserve study update process · Fannie Mae condo reserve requirements
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